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Olympic athletes Seroquel online purchase train to be thebest in the world at their respective does zithromax treat uti sports. They are determined, talented,capable, and display a level of grit and determination qualifying them for thehighest stage of competition. They spend years does zithromax treat uti working toward a few simpleultimate goals. Giving their best performance, honoring their country and leavingthe court, mat, field or track with a medal in their hand. When gymnast Simone Biles recentlywithdrew from the Olympic Games, it came to many as a surprise.
What may havecome as even more of a surprise to some is the reason does zithromax treat uti she withdrew. Her mentalhealth. This latest example of thecourage of an athlete to stand up and let the world know that mental health ishealth has brought incredible awareness to the importance of mental health inall people, even Olympians. If youâÂÂre an athlete, or if youhave kids who play sports, you might be worried and does zithromax treat uti wondering what you can doto address potential mental health struggles related to sports. Consider thesesuggestions when it comes to sports and mental health.
Talk, talk, talk does zithromax treat uti. Ifyou find yourself experiencing stress, anxiety or depression related to asport, consider finding a qualified counselor/therapist to discuss these issues.If youâÂÂve got a child who plays sports, keep an open dialogue with them. Haveregular, open and honest conversations about how theyâÂÂre feeling, both mentallyand physically. Watch for warning does zithromax treat uti signs. Thisis especially important if you have a child or adolescent in sports.
Keep aneye out for things like mood, sleep, or behavior changes that seem concerning. Find balance does zithromax treat uti. ItâÂÂsokay to admit that you need help or that you need to take a break frompracticing or competing. If you feel overwhelmed consider meditation, tryingnew things or does zithromax treat uti giving your body a rest.Ask for help. Thereis no shame in seeking out help, whether it be with a therapist, psychiatristor other medical health professional.
Treating a mental illness is just asimportant as treating a physical one. Protecting and prioritizing youroverall health is does zithromax treat uti essential for all levels of athletes. ItâÂÂs not rare to havean athlete pull out of a race, game or event due to a physical injury. Seeingan athlete withdraw for mental health reasons is much less common, however, itsrecognition is just as important. The hope going forward is that we does zithromax treat uti assistathletes in all aspects of performance and recognize that mental health is health.
Thomas Bills, M.D., is a psychiatrist with a special interestin sports psychiatry. Dr. Bills is welcoming athletes to his office in theTowsley Building, located on the campus of MidMichigan Medical Center âÂÂMidland. Those who would like to make an appointment may call the office at(989) 839-3385.The history of mental health treatment is a long story. The first private hospitals, known as almshouses, for those with severe symptoms of mental illnesses and the infirmed elderly, were created in the early 18th century.
In the early 19th century, a new idea about care for the mentally ill called âÂÂmoral treatmentâ emerged, which focused on the belief that kindness and quietness in treatment would help with recovery. In the 1840âÂÂs, Thomas Kirkbride developed the âÂÂKirkbride Planâ for moral treatment that included sunshine, fresh air, privacy and comfort. Throughout the 1850s and âÂÂ60s Dorothea Dix traveled throughout the country promoting this approach. By the 1870s virtually all states had such asylums. By the 1890s, private almhouses were sending people to the asylums.
This influx overwhelmed both space and resources of the asylums and threatened their attempts at humane treatment. The Great Depression in the 1930s drastically cut state appropriations and World War II created acute shortages of personnel. A move began to reduce costs. The large psychiatric hospitals began to be reduced to units within general hospitals. Some psychiatrists turned to the new Mental Hygiene movement and created outpatient clinics that focused on preventing psychiatric hospitalizations.
Others focused on the brain pathology and experimented with electric shock therapies, psychosurgery and different kinds of medications. By the 1950s, with the rise of nursing homes for the elderly, the asylum period came to an end. In Michigan, it was University of Michigan Professor William Herdman that set the wheels in motion to build a psychopathic hospital, which opened its doors in 1906, one of the first in the nation. The hospital has lead in cutting-edge research on brain function and the genetic underpinnings of mental illness symptoms ever since, including the development of the biopsychosocial model that is the foundation of psychiatry today. It is out of this same reductionist approach that Partial Hospitalization was born.
Doctors in the 1950s recognized that not all people being treated for mental illness needed overnight stays, even if they needed something more than a weekly appointment in an outpatient clinic. In the early 1960s a group of clinicians involved in the relatively new treatment approach of âÂÂday hospitalâ began to discuss the challenges of this approach. By the end of that decade they had organized the American Association for Partial Hospitalization (AAPH). In 1988, Congress approved a major benefit change for Medicare by including reimbursement for PHP that met a strict definition â treatment five days a week, six hours a day. By the early 1990s, the group had grown to more than 1,200 members and published standards and guidelines for this mode of treatment.
In the mid-1990s, the organization became the Association for Ambulatory Behavioral Healthcare (AABH) and now represents hundreds of providers and professionals in the United States, and is the leading advocate for Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHP) and Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP) nationally. PHP is often used as a step down from an inpatient stay, or as a way to prevent an inpatient stay. Partial is appropriate for people who are experiencing psychiatric symptoms that interfere with their daily functioning, but are not of imminent danger to themselves or others. The development of the IOP has followed a different route, one steered by the treatment of addictions. Addiction treatment began in an organized way between 1750 and 1850 through âÂÂmutual aid societies.â The asylum model was followed with the opening of âÂÂinebriate homesâ throughout the 19th century.
Outpatient treatment for addiction began with the opening of the Charles B. Towns Hospital in 1901 in New York. In 1906, a church-based therapy program began at BostonâÂÂs Emmanuel Clinic, which laid the foundations for the Alcoholics Anonymous movement, which began in earnest 25 years later. Outpatient addiction treatment options grew from 1920s through the 1950s. In the 1960s, insurances began to reimburse for treatments, which lead to continued growth in options.
The famous Betty Ford Clinic was founded in 1982. With the recognition that addictions often have co-occurring mental illness symptoms, by the 1990s addiction programs were expanding to include treatment for mental illness symptoms also, either as dual diagnosis with addictions or stand-alone diagnoses. Now there are IOP programs that specialize in addictions and those that treat specific mental illnesses, such as eating disorders, bipolar, PTSD, as well as general mental illness. There are also IOPs that serve specific age-related populations such as geriatrics, adolescents and children, as well as general adult programs. IOP may be anywhere from three to five days a week, from three to five hours a day, depending on the program.
Michigan has 25 Partial Programs. MidMichigan Medical Center â GratiotâÂÂs PHP began in 1995. It is one of only three such programs in Michigan north of Lansing. The Gratiot program is an adult program and operates Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. à3 p.m.
The average length of stay is seven days. Insurance coverage is the same as other hospitalization coverage. MidMichigan also has an IOP program for seniors in Gladwin called Senior Life Solutions, which operates three days a week. Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health conditions in the U.S. And the most common conditions treated in GratiotâÂÂs PHP.
According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, depression affects about 7.1 percent of the U.S adult population, while anxiety affects about 18 percent of U.S. Population. Adults with depression have a 64 percent greater risk of coronary artery disease. Depression often co-occurs with medical conditions. 25 percent of cancer patients experience depression, 10 to 27 percent of post-stroke patients, 30 percent of heart attack survivors, 50 percent of patients with ParkinsonâÂÂs disease, 30 percent of diabetes patients, and 40 to 70 percent of adult caregivers of the elderly struggle with depression.
Women are twice as likely as men to have depression. Research shows that people with anxiety are three to five times more likely to go to the doctor. In fiscal year 2021, depression was the most common diagnosis seen at GratiotâÂÂs PHP with nearly 83 percent of patients having this diagnosis. Thirty percent of those with depression had a secondary diagnosis of anxiety, with an addition 5 percent of patients having a primary anxiety diagnosis. Over 100 years of moderntreatment of depression and anxiety has made it clear that these commonconditions are very treatable.
In the 25 years of treating them in a daytreatment setting the process has been clarified and refined and is now quitesuccessful. For those who arestruggling with depression or anxiety, the Psychiatric Partial HospitalizationProgram at MidMichigan Medical Center â Gratiot may be reached at (989)466-3253. Senior Life Solutions can be reached at (989) 246-6339. Thoseinterested in more information on MidMichiganâÂÂs comprehensive behavioral healthprograms may visit www.midmichigan.org/mentalhealth..
Olympic athletes train to zithromax online shop be thebest in the world at their respective sports. They are determined, talented,capable, and display a level of grit and determination qualifying them for thehighest stage of competition. They spend years working toward a few simpleultimate zithromax online shop goals.
Giving their best performance, honoring their country and leavingthe court, mat, field or track with a medal in their hand. When gymnast Simone Biles recentlywithdrew from the Olympic Games, it came to many as a surprise. What may havecome zithromax online shop as even more of a surprise to some is the reason she withdrew.
Her mentalhealth. This latest example of thecourage of an athlete to stand up and let the world know that mental health ishealth has brought incredible awareness to the importance of mental health inall people, even Olympians. If youâÂÂre an athlete, or if youhave kids who play sports, you might be worried and wondering what you can doto address potential zithromax online shop mental health struggles related to sports.
Consider thesesuggestions when it comes to sports and mental health. Talk, talk, zithromax online shop talk. Ifyou find yourself experiencing stress, anxiety or depression related to asport, consider finding a qualified counselor/therapist to discuss these issues.If youâÂÂve got a child who plays sports, keep an open dialogue with them.
Haveregular, open and honest conversations about how theyâÂÂre feeling, both mentallyand physically. Watch for warning signs zithromax online shop. Thisis especially important if you have a child or adolescent in sports.
Keep aneye out for things like mood, sleep, or behavior changes that seem concerning. Find balance zithromax online shop. ItâÂÂsokay to admit that you need help or that you need to take a break frompracticing or competing.
If you feel overwhelmed zithromax online shop consider meditation, tryingnew things or giving your body a rest.Ask for help. Thereis no shame in seeking out help, whether it be with a therapist, psychiatristor other medical health professional. Treating a mental illness is just asimportant as treating a physical one.
Protecting and prioritizing youroverall health is essential zithromax online shop for all levels of athletes. ItâÂÂs not rare to havean athlete pull out of a race, game or event due to a physical injury. Seeingan athlete withdraw for mental health reasons is much less common, however, itsrecognition is just as important.
The hope going forward is that we assistathletes in zithromax online shop all aspects of performance and recognize that mental health is health. Thomas Bills, M.D., is a psychiatrist with a special interestin sports psychiatry. Dr.
Bills is welcoming athletes to his office in theTowsley Building, located on the campus of MidMichigan Medical Center âÂÂMidland. Those who would like to make an appointment may call the office at(989) 839-3385.The history of mental health treatment is a long story. The first private hospitals, known as almshouses, for those with severe symptoms of mental illnesses and the infirmed elderly, were created in the early 18th century.
In the early 19th century, a new idea about care for the mentally ill called âÂÂmoral treatmentâ emerged, which focused on the belief that kindness and quietness in treatment would help with recovery. In the 1840âÂÂs, Thomas Kirkbride developed the âÂÂKirkbride Planâ for moral treatment that included sunshine, fresh air, privacy and comfort. Throughout the 1850s and âÂÂ60s Dorothea Dix traveled throughout the country promoting this approach.
By the 1870s virtually all states had such asylums. By the 1890s, private almhouses were sending people to the asylums. This influx overwhelmed both space and resources of the asylums and threatened their attempts at humane treatment.
The Great Depression in the 1930s drastically cut state appropriations and World War II created acute shortages of personnel. A move began to reduce costs. The large psychiatric hospitals began to be reduced to units within general hospitals.
Some psychiatrists turned to the new Mental Hygiene movement and created outpatient clinics that focused on preventing psychiatric hospitalizations. Others focused on the brain pathology and experimented with electric shock therapies, psychosurgery and different kinds of medications. By the 1950s, with the rise of nursing homes for the elderly, the asylum period came to an end.
In Michigan, it was University of Michigan Professor William Herdman that set the wheels in motion to build a psychopathic hospital, which opened its doors in 1906, one of the first in the nation. The hospital has lead in cutting-edge research on brain function and the genetic underpinnings of mental illness symptoms ever since, including the development of the biopsychosocial model that is the foundation of psychiatry today. It is out of this same reductionist approach that Partial Hospitalization was born.
Doctors in the 1950s recognized that not all people being treated for mental illness needed overnight stays, even if they needed something more than a weekly appointment in an outpatient clinic. In the early 1960s a group of clinicians involved in the relatively new treatment approach of âÂÂday hospitalâ began to discuss the challenges of this approach. By the end of that decade they had organized the American Association for Partial Hospitalization (AAPH).
In 1988, Congress approved a major benefit change for Medicare by including reimbursement for PHP that met a strict definition â treatment five days a week, six hours a day. By the early 1990s, the group had grown to more than 1,200 members and published standards and guidelines for this mode of treatment. In the mid-1990s, the organization became the Association for Ambulatory Behavioral Healthcare (AABH) and now represents hundreds of providers and professionals in the United States, and is the leading advocate for Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHP) and Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP) nationally.
PHP is often used as a step down from an inpatient stay, or as a way to prevent an inpatient stay. Partial is appropriate for people who are experiencing psychiatric symptoms that interfere with their daily functioning, but are not of imminent danger to themselves or others. The development of the IOP has followed a different route, one steered by the treatment of addictions.
Addiction treatment began in an organized way between 1750 and 1850 through âÂÂmutual aid societies.â The asylum model was followed with the opening of âÂÂinebriate homesâ throughout the 19th century. Outpatient treatment for addiction began with the opening of the Charles B. Towns Hospital in 1901 in New York.
In 1906, a church-based therapy program began at BostonâÂÂs Emmanuel Clinic, which laid the foundations for the Alcoholics Anonymous movement, which began in earnest 25 years later. Outpatient addiction treatment options grew from 1920s through the 1950s. In the 1960s, insurances began to reimburse for treatments, which lead to continued growth in options.
The famous Betty Ford Clinic was founded in 1982. With the recognition that addictions often have co-occurring mental illness symptoms, by the 1990s addiction programs were expanding to include treatment for mental illness symptoms also, either as dual diagnosis with addictions or stand-alone diagnoses. Now there are IOP programs that specialize in addictions and those that treat specific mental illnesses, such as eating disorders, bipolar, PTSD, as well as general mental illness.
There are also IOPs that serve specific age-related populations such as geriatrics, adolescents and children, as well as general adult programs. IOP may be anywhere from three to five days a week, from three to five hours a day, depending on the program. Michigan has 25 Partial Programs.
MidMichigan Medical Center â GratiotâÂÂs PHP began in 1995. It is one of only three such programs in Michigan north of Lansing. The Gratiot program is an adult program and operates Monday through Friday, 9 a.m.
ÃÂÂ 3 p.m. The average length of stay is seven days. Insurance coverage is the same as other hospitalization coverage.
MidMichigan also has an IOP program for seniors in Gladwin called Senior Life Solutions, which operates three days a week. Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health conditions in the U.S. And the most common conditions treated in GratiotâÂÂs PHP.
According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, depression affects about 7.1 percent of the U.S adult population, while anxiety affects about 18 percent of U.S. Population. Adults with depression have a 64 percent greater risk of coronary artery disease.
Depression often co-occurs with medical conditions. 25 percent of cancer patients experience depression, 10 to 27 percent of post-stroke patients, 30 percent of heart attack survivors, 50 percent of patients with ParkinsonâÂÂs disease, 30 percent of diabetes patients, and 40 to 70 percent of adult caregivers of the elderly struggle with depression. Women are twice as likely as men to have depression.
Research shows that people with anxiety are three to five times more likely to go to the doctor. In fiscal year 2021, depression was the most common diagnosis seen at GratiotâÂÂs PHP with nearly 83 percent of patients having this diagnosis. Thirty percent of those with depression had a secondary diagnosis of anxiety, with an addition 5 percent of patients having a primary anxiety diagnosis.
Over 100 years of moderntreatment of depression and anxiety has made it clear that these commonconditions are very treatable. In the 25 years of treating them in a daytreatment setting the process has been clarified and refined and is now quitesuccessful. For those who arestruggling with depression or anxiety, the Psychiatric Partial HospitalizationProgram at MidMichigan Medical Center â Gratiot may be reached at (989)466-3253.
Senior Life Solutions can be reached at (989) 246-6339. Thoseinterested in more information on MidMichiganâÂÂs comprehensive behavioral healthprograms may visit www.midmichigan.org/mentalhealth..
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As more can i buy zithromax at a local drugstore people get the buy antibiotics treatment, herd immunity, or community immunity, can be achieved. Herd immunity is the concept of increasing everyoneâÂÂs protection against a disease by vaccinating enough people in a community. It also helps protect people who canâÂÂt get vaccinated, either because theyâÂÂre too young or they have a pre-existing medical condition.
Many doctors, can i buy zithromax at a local drugstore like Dr. Fleeger, expressed their hopes for the public to get the buy antibiotics shot once theyâÂÂre able to do so. ÃÂÂIf we can get enough people to get this, then we can ultimately get to the point where things get back to the new normal,â Dr.
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Do you have plans to watch the Husker game with people? can i buy zithromax at a local drugstore. Even if itâÂÂs only like one other person?. Did you have your kidsâ friends over to play in the basement?.
I ask you these questions because though they may be low-risk to you, they are high-risk to can i buy zithromax at a local drugstore me. Because my colleagues and I cannot take care of all of you currently needing to be admitted to the hospital. YouâÂÂre right.
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We will run can i buy zithromax at a local drugstore out of space for non-buy antibiotics patients too. And we may not have enough people to take care of these folks.Please. Please.
Rethink interacting can i buy zithromax at a local drugstore with people outside of your home. I know this exhausting. IâÂÂm tired.
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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), once large quantities of the treatment zithromax online shop are produced, it will be widely available to the general public.Immunizations save lives and prevent the spread of disease. As more people get the buy antibiotics treatment, herd immunity, or community immunity, can be achieved. Herd immunity is the concept of increasing everyoneâÂÂs protection against a disease by vaccinating enough people in a community.
It also helps protect people who canâÂÂt zithromax online shop get vaccinated, either because theyâÂÂre too young or they have a pre-existing medical condition. Many doctors, like Dr. Fleeger, expressed their hopes for the public to get the buy antibiotics shot once theyâÂÂre able to do so.
ÃÂÂIf we can get enough people to get zithromax online shop this, then we can ultimately get to the point where things get back to the new normal,â Dr. Fleeger said.For him, getting the buy antibiotics treatment wasnâÂÂt just about protecting himself from the zithromax. ÃÂÂTo me, itâÂÂs really a matter of love.
A love for my dad whoâÂÂs 87, love for my neighbor whoâÂÂs going zithromax online shop though chemotherapy, love for the guy at work whoâÂÂs got heart disease,â Dr. Fleeger said right after getting his first buy antibiotics shot. ÃÂÂWe need more love in the world, so for me, it seems like the appropriate thing to do.âÂÂFor more information about the buy antibiotics treatment, visit the CDC website.By Allison Ashford, MDHospitalistOmaha, NebraskaEditor's note.
This article originally appeared on KevinMD.comI rarely post more zithromax online shop than pictures on Facebook. In fact, I rarely use Facebook for much of anything anymore. But I need you all to just listen for a second.IâÂÂm scared.
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Your girlsâ weekend? zithromax online shop. Do you have plans to watch the Husker game with people?. Even if itâÂÂs only like one other person?.
Did you have your kidsâ zithromax online shop friends over to play in the basement?. I ask you these questions because though they may be low-risk to you, they are high-risk to me. Because my colleagues and I cannot take care of all of you currently needing to be admitted to the hospital.
YouâÂÂre right zithromax online shop. Most people with buy antibiotics do just fine. But, a number of people do not.
And if our health care workforce keeps zithromax online shop getting stretched to the limits AND many of them keep needing time to quarantine due to buy antibiotics or positive exposures, then we are ALL going to be in a really dark(er) place. For example, my institution usually runs 2 general buy antibiotics teams. We are up to 6-7 teams with plans to increase to 10.
You know what zithromax online shop that also means?. We will run out of space for non-buy antibiotics patients too. And we may not have enough people to take care of these folks.Please.
Please. Rethink interacting with people outside of your home. I know this exhausting.
IâÂÂm tired. I miss my old life. YouâÂÂre right.
I donâÂÂt have older kids that need human interaction with others. But please help. I jokingly compare buy antibiotics to an STD.
The person you are with may seem âÂÂsafe,â but you never know where they have been. And though thatâÂÂs rather funny, itâÂÂs scarily true. Asymptomatic carriers and or people that are positive but donâÂÂt have symptoms yet are a real problem.
DonâÂÂt think negative buy antibiotics test excuses what youâÂÂve done or clears you!. You can still turn positive a day or two later, having exposed people in the meantime. Ugh.Please donâÂÂt assume this isnâÂÂt about you and that IâÂÂm directing this to someone else not you.
DonâÂÂt assume youâÂÂre doing enough. We all ARENâÂÂT doing enough. Take a step back and assume you arenâÂÂt doing enough.
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No doctor zithromax 3 day dose zithromax discount card has ever prescribed a shirt to save a patientâÂÂs life. But on a family summer vacation in 2017, Rob Leibowitz wore a T-shirt while walking around Disney World that bore the phrase. ÃÂÂIn Need of Kidney, O Positive.â After a picture was posted on Facebook, the story went viral, and a few zithromax 3 day dose months later, Leibowitz, who had been on the transplant list for several years, underwent a successful surgery to implant a kidney donated by a complete stranger. Although this story might be an anomaly, it made me wonder. Can medicine and fashion intersect in other ways?.
è They zithromax 3 day dose might seem like as odd a combination as polka dots and plaid. Yet fashion, broadly defined, is already being considered in health care settings. For example the effect of hospital gowns on patients has been studied, and it should come as no surprise that many patients report feeling a loss of privacy, individuality and autonomy when putting on a gown. Furthermore, the hospital gown prompted patients to zithromax 3 day dose internalize the idea that they were unwell. In one of these studies, a patient said, âÂÂI would say that when the gown comes out there is something that psychologically goes âÂÂthis is serious, IâÂÂm ill.âÂÂâ As a result of such criticism, designers ranging from students at Parsons School of Design to Diane von Furstenberg have rethought what a patient gown could look like.
Such redesigns have not been widely adopted by hospitals yet, perhaps because the gowns have to be cheap, easy to manufacture and easily washable. However, even if theyâÂÂre only available to people who will be spending considerable time in the hospital, gowns in different sizes and zithromax 3 day dose colors might help give these patients a feeling of control and agencyâÂÂespecially when so much is out of their control. In fact, creative solutions to patient gowns have already been shown to have positive effects in clinical settings. At Weill Cornell, young patients undergoing MRI scans were given an âÂÂMRI-am-a-Heroâ kit to explain the procedure and make the experience zithromax 3 day dose feel like part of a superhero adventure. Among other activities, patients could choose shorts and a T-shirt with superhero emblems to wear inside the machine.
When studying the program, researchers found that the kit decreased the percentage of pediatric MRI cases that needed sedation by more than five percentage pointsâÂÂshowing the potentially transformative nature of hospital attire. The association of garments with illness could be one of the reasons why, in many Western countries, few people wore facemasks before the zithromax to protect themselves from respiratory illnesses such as zithromax 3 day dose the H1N1 influenza. Just as a patient gown has been associated with being ill, wearing a face mask in public was associated with being diseased and even dangerous. Today, by contrast, theyâÂÂre increasingly seen as a fashion accessoryâÂÂand while that might seem like an attempt by retailers to profit from the buy antibiotics crisis, there are potential benefits to this perspective. In an interview with NPR, for example, fashion historian Valerie Steele zithromax 3 day dose said that âÂÂfashionizing masks is a good way to normalize them and to say that you don't need to be scared.â That view is supported by research in the Journal of Hospital , which points out that âÂÂInterestingly, young Korean pop singers made the wearing of face masks fashionable,â which might help explain why the incidence of buy antibiotics has been so low in South Korea.
Fashion is also addressing the needs of the differently abled in the form of so-called âÂÂadaptive fashion,â designed to allow a person to easily dress him/herself stylishly. The beauty of adaptive fashion lies not only in its functionality but also in the effect it can have on the wearerâÂÂs self-esteem. The lack of appropriate clothing has discouraged people with mobility impairments from going to events such zithromax 3 day dose as school dances, job interviews and funerals. Along with companies like Target and Zappos, one of the most successful brands to create an adaptive line has been Tommy Hilfiger, whose distinctive prints and colors now appear on clothing with features like one-handed zippers and magnetic buttons for people who have dexterity impairments. Tagless and flat seams for people who zithromax 3 day dose have sensory sensitivity.
And pants with higher backs and easy closures for people who use wheelchairs (try putting on or taking off a pair of jeans while sitting and youâÂÂll realize how difficult this is). The research is persuasive, but my own experience also has shown me the value of thinking about how important fashion can be in settings where it has traditionally been ignored. A few years ago, I was working on a clinical study that aimed to understand how patients could find zithromax 3 day dose potential kidney donors through social networks. Inspired by the âÂÂDisney Dad,â one of the first things we did when we met the study participants was to hand them a T-shirt with the transplant centerâÂÂs phone number on it. I later found out several of them had already created their own custom shirts.
As I zithromax 3 day dose got to know the people in the study, I remember asking one woman about her shirt, which was pale pink with âÂÂHelp Me Find a Kidneyâ on the front and a picture of her and her family printed on the back. ÃÂÂEvery time I put it on,â she explained, âÂÂI am reminded that there is still hope.â â¨Pregnant women have historically been excluded from the majority of medical research under the justification of protecting these women and their pregnancies from harm. But when new treatments are not tested in this population, we cannot know whether those treatments are safe and effective. People who are sick or have chronic conditions can become pregnant, and those who are pregnant can get zithromax 3 day dose sick or develop health conditions. More than 90 percent of women take at least one medicine during pregnancy, and a significant portion are given recommended treatments.
The flu shot and Tdap, both of which protect not only the recipient but their zithromax 3 day dose family as well. The buy antibiotics zithromax is a prime example of why pregnant people must be included in research. Recent studies have shown that pregnant women are at increased risk for severe illness from the antibiotics. They are more likely to be zithromax 3 day dose admitted to the intensive care unit and receive invasive ventilation, and are at increased risk of death compared to nonpregnant women. As a high-risk population, pregnant people clearly need access to treatments and treatments for buy antibiotics.
Yet, pregnant women are currently being excluded from buy antibiotics research, meaning they are unlikely to have timely access to these critical interventions because we will not know whether they are safe for pregnant people. To address these concerns, we must zithromax 3 day dose move toward protecting pregnant people through research, not from research. Fortunately, a federal task force has just released a plan on how to do this. The Task Force on Research Specific to Pregnant Women and Lactating Women (PRGLAC) outlines steps for implementing 15 recommendations designed to address obstacles to the inclusion of pregnant women and breastfeeding women in research. The task force is made up zithromax 3 day dose of representatives from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), clinicians, researchers and industry.
The PRGLAC implementation plan identifies roles for each of these stakeholders within the research and medical community, as well as for Congress, in the effort to overcome this harmful precedent of exclusion. To integrate pregnant women and breastfeeding women into the national clinical research agenda, all agencies under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) need to be on the same page regarding rules, regulations and best practices around the inclusion of these populations in research. The PRGLAC plan recommends the creation of an HHS-wide guidance on ethical issues and strategies for designing studies that include these populations, as well as the establishment of a zithromax 3 day dose central committee or office to oversee work in this area. The PRGLAC Task Force recommends expanding the workforce of clinicians and researchers with expertise in obstetric and lactation pharmacology and therapeutics. The task force also calls for communication strategies to zithromax 3 day dose supply health care providers with important information on research in people who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Medical professional societies such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) are well positioned to lead these efforts around the training, mentorship and career development of clinicians and researchers. Congressional action could play a critical role in implementing many of the PRGLAC Task Force recommendations, including the potential for legislation similar to the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act, which provides financial incentive to drug developers for conducting pediatric studies on new therapies, and the Pediatric Research Equity Act, which allows the FDA to require drug developers to assess certain therapies in children. In addition, Congress will need to zithromax 3 day dose dedicate funding for the expansion or creation of federal programs and activities that will move this space forward. For example, existing NIH infrastructure and research networks, such as the Maternal Fetal Medicine Units Network, could facilitate much-needed research if provided additional resources. Given the research challenges, ethical considerations and liability issues inherent to incorporating those who are pregnant or breastfeeding in studies, the pharmaceutical industry has historically limited its investment and work in these populations.
The PRGLAC plan zithromax 3 day dose notes the importance of addressing liability issues and creating incentives to drive industry investment in this space. But pharmaceutical companies must also commit to ensuring the inclusion of those who are pregnant or breastfeeding in their drug development plans when appropriate, and the companies should work to design clinical trials that eliminate barriers that make participation difficult for these populations. Finally, the PRGLAC Task Force recommends that all stakeholdersâÂÂfederal agencies, medical societies, industry and nonprofits such as the Society for WomenâÂÂs Health Research (SWHR)âÂÂshould band together to develop a public awareness campaign that explains the importance of research on therapeutic products in people who are pregnant or breastfeeding and that encourages the participation of these populations in research. The inclusion zithromax 3 day dose of pregnant women and breastfeeding women in medical research is long overdue. With almost four million women in the U.S.
Giving birth each year, 80 percent of whom will breastfeed their infants, and about 74 million women of childbearing age in the U.S., it is time to include zithromax 3 day dose pregnant women and breastfeeding women in research. With a health zithromax raging across the globe, a rising maternal mortality rate and wide disparities in health outcomes, women are working every day to protect themselves and their families. We have a plan endorsed by expertsâÂÂand although it will take work, womenâÂÂs health will greatly benefit from these efforts.1970 In Vitro Progress âÂÂIn laboratories at the Oldham General Hospital in Lancashire and at the University of Cambridge, human eggs have now been successfully brought to maturity, fertilized in vitro and cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage of development, which is the stage immediately preceding the beginning of normal implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus. Clinically it zithromax 3 day dose should be possible with these procedures to circumvent certain causes of infertility and to avert the development of embryos that otherwise could be expected to grow abnormally. Still further possibilities can be imagined.
Eggs fertilized in the laboratory and cultivated to the blastocyst stage could be transferred back to the mother with an excellent chance of completing development normally. ÃÂÂR. G. Edwards and Ruth E. Fowlerâ The first baby to be conceived by in vitro fertilization was born at Oldham hospital in July 1978.
1920 Battleship vs. Torpedo Plane âÂÂCommenting on articles in the New York Tribune in which the abandonment of the superdreadnaught battleship was advocated, Rear Admiral Fiske says that most of the men who oppose the strenuous development of aeronautics have not carefully studied its possibilities. He believes with many others that aeronautics is destined to bring about âÂÂa revolution in warfare, in comparison with which the revolution brought about by the invention of the gun was like a vaudeville performance.â Pretty strong words these for an admiral!. àAfter Currency Collapses âÂÂOne development of the impasse in import and export business between Germany and other countries growing out of the depressed value of the German mark is a modification of the barter system. Arrangements have been made by various British cotton interests who have arranged to furnish German cotton mills with raw cotton and take from them cotton yarn manufactured therefrom, the German manufacturers retaining a portion of the yarn as their payment for the use of their plant, of their labor, and other costs of manufacture.â 1870 Spiritualism âÂÂThis whole business of spiritualism has been the source of much mischief, and has brought insanity into many a family.
Our readers ought to know, that no man of science, no sane man of intelligence has any faith in it. Before the light of science the whole thing is shown to be an imposition. But, as Dr. William A. Hammond says.
ÃÂÂSpiritualism is a religion. As such it is held tenaciously by many well-meaning people. To reason with these would be a waste of words, just as much as would be the attempt to persuade a madman out of his delusion. Emotion, or interest, or accident might change them, but facts never.â Patents for Post âÂÂIn attaching letter-boxes to lamp posts, this box is constructed in two hemispherical sections. The drop holes are made without movable lids, being protected by a projecting shield, as shown.
This is a great convenience, as the use of one hand only is required to insert letters. The closing of an umbrella in a rain storm, or the setting down of a basket or a child in arms, in order to put a letter in the box, is thus obviated. Patented, through the Scientific American Patent Agency by Albert Potts, of Philadelphia, Pa.â U.S. Postal Service zithromax online canada 1896. Systems, people power and a few machines join forces to sort the mail.
Credit. Scientific American, Vol. LXXIV, No. 16. April 18, 1896 In 1775 Benjamin Franklin was appointed the U.S.'s first postmaster general.
Letters andâÂÂmore important for Scientific AmericanâÂÂperiodicals have been keeping citizens informed and engaged in the democratic process ever since. Two years after this magazine was founded in 1845, the U.S. Post Office started issuing postage stamps as a convenient way to pay for mailed items. This âÂÂfollyâ was decried by our forebears. Delivery of the publication now had to be prepaid instead of being paid for by the recipient.
The volume of mail has grown with the evolution of the technology to collect, sort and deliver it. In 1895 five billion pieces of mail went through sorting offices such as the one pictured above. By 2019, even in the era of e-mail, FedEx and UPS, 143 billion pieces of mail were delivered.ItâÂÂs never aliens, until it is. Today, news leaked in the British newspaper The Guardian of a mysterious signal coming from the closest star to our own, Proxima Centauri, a star too dim to see from Earth with the naked eye that is nevertheless a cosmic stoneâÂÂs throw away at just 4.2 light-years. Found this autumn in archival data gathered last year, the signal appears to emanate from the direction of our neighboring star and cannot yet be dismissed as Earth-based interference, raising the very faint prospect that it is a transmission from some form of advanced extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI)âÂÂa so-called âÂÂtechnosignature.â Now, speaking to Scientific American, the scientists behind the discovery caution there is still much work to be done, but admit the interest is justified.
ÃÂÂIt has some particular properties that caused it to pass many of our checks, and we cannot yet explain it,â says Andrew Siemion from the University of California, Berkeley. Most curiously, it occupies a very narrow band of the radio spectrum. 982 megahertz, specifically, which is a region typically bereft of transmissions from human-made satellites and spacecraft. ÃÂÂWe donâÂÂt know of any natural way to compress electromagnetic energy into a single bin in frequencyâ such as this one, Siemion says. Perhaps, he says, some as-yet-unknown exotic quirk of plasma physics could be a natural explanation for the tantalizingly concentrated radio waves.
But âÂÂfor the moment, the only source that we know of is technological.â The detection was made by a $100 million project called Breakthrough Listen, led by Siemion and funded by tech billionaire Yuri Milner under the umbrella of MilnerâÂÂs Breakthrough Initiatives. The goal of this multiyear endeavorâÂÂwhich began in 2015 with a star-studded announcement attended by Stephen Hawking and other space-science luminariesâÂÂis to buy observing time on radio telescopes around the world to search the skies for evidence of technological civilizations. That pursuit, of course, is more commonly known as the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). To date, no such evidence has conclusively been found despite more than a half century of modest-but-steady SETI activity, with any potential signals almost always ruled out as originating from satellites orbiting Earth or other human-caused interference. ÃÂÂIf you see such a signal and itâÂÂs not coming from the surface of Earth, you know you have detected extraterrestrial technology,â says Jason Wright, a SETI-centric astronomer at Penn State University in Pennsylvania.
ÃÂÂUnfortunately, humans have launched a lot of extraterrestrial technology.â The story of this latest SETI spectacle really began on April 29, 2019, when scientists affiliated with Breakthrough Listen started collecting the data that would later reveal the intriguing signal. A team had been using the Parkes radio telescope in Australia to study Proxima Centauri for signs of flares coming from the red dwarf star, in part to understand how such flares might affect ProximaâÂÂs planets. The system hosts at least two worlds. The first, dubbed Proxima b upon its discovery in 2016, is about 1.2 times the size of Earth and in an 11-day orbit. Proxima b resides in the starâÂÂs âÂÂhabitable zone,â a hazily defined sector in which liquid water could exist upon a rocky planetâÂÂs surfaceâÂÂprovided, that is, Proxima CentauriâÂÂs intense stellar flares have not sputtered away a worldâÂÂs atmosphere.
Another planet, the roughly seven-Earth-mass Proxima c, was discovered in 2019 in a frigid 5.2-year orbit. Using Parkes, the astronomers had observed the star for 26 hours as part of their stellar-flare study, but, as is routine within the Breakthrough Listen project, they also flagged the resulting data for a later look to seek out any candidate SETI signals. The task fell to a young intern in SiemionâÂÂs SETI program at Berkeley, Shane Smith, who is also a teaching assistant at Hillsdale College in Michigan. Smith began sifting through the data in June of this year, but it was not until late October that he stumbled upon the curious narrowband emission, needle-sharp at 982.002 megahertz, hidden in plain view in the Proxima Centauri observations. From there, things happened fastâÂÂwith good reason.
ÃÂÂItâÂÂs the most exciting signal that weâÂÂve found in the Breakthrough Listen project, because we havenâÂÂt had a signal jump through this many of our filters before,â says Sofia Sheikh from Penn State University, who helmed the subsequent analysis of the signal for Breakthrough Listen and is the lead author on an upcoming paper detailing that work, which will be published in early 2021. Soon, the team began calling the signal by a more formal name. BLC1, for âÂÂBreakthrough Listen Candidate 1.â To pique any SETI researcherâÂÂs interest, a signal must first endure a barrage of simple automated tests to rule out obvious terrestrial interference. Hundreds of candidates, however, routinely pass this phase and are singled out for further investigation. From there, almost all will be dismissed as some mirage or errorâÂÂperhaps an excess of static, for instanceâÂÂthat fooled the winnowing algorithm, eliminating them from consideration as any sort of transmission from talkative aliens.
ÃÂÂExcept this one,â Sheikh says. Revisiting the data from 2019, Sheikh and her colleagues noted that the telescope had looked at Proxima multiple times in scans lasting 30 minutes over the course of a week. Breakthrough Listen uses a technique called âÂÂnodding,â where the telescope will spend a period of time looking at a target and then an equivalent period looking elsewhere in the sky, to check that any potential signal is truly coming from the target and not, say, someone microwaving their lunch in an observatoryâÂÂs cafeteria. ÃÂÂIn five of the 30-minute observations over about three hours we see this thing come back,â Sheikh says, a hint that the signal indeed originated from Proxima CentauriâÂÂor some other deep-space source in that part of the skyâÂÂbefore making its way to Earth. One might think, then, that the case would be closed.
But while a natural cosmic source may seem unlikely, it cannot yet be ruled outâÂÂand, the thinking goes, as unlikely as a natural explanation might be, an âÂÂunnaturalâ explanation such as aliens is even less likely still. Consequently, every member of the Breakthrough Listen team interviewed for this article steadfastly insists the chance of this being anything other than terrestrial interference is exceedingly remote. ÃÂÂThe most likely thing is that itâÂÂs some human cause,â says Pete Worden, executive director of the Breakthrough Initiatives. ÃÂÂAnd when I say most likely, itâÂÂs like 99.9 [percent].â That rational skepticism extends all the way to the top. ÃÂÂWhen we launched Breakthrough Listen with Stephen Hawking in 2015,â Milner says, âÂÂit was understood that the most rigorous scientific approach will be used to analyze all candidate signals.â Milner and seemingly all the SETI researchers his funding supports fully expect BLC1 to wither away under the projectâÂÂs now-intense scrutiny.
But, just maybe, it wonâÂÂt. For the time being, months of further analysis are in store to definitively rule out other potential sources. And BLC1 itself, while seeming to come from Proxima Centauri, does not quite fit expectations for a technosignature from that system. First, the signal bears no trace of modulationâÂÂtweaks to its properties that can be used to convey information. ÃÂÂBLC1 is, for all intents and purposes, just a tone, just one note,â Siemion says.
ÃÂÂIt has absolutely no additional features that we can discern at this point.â And second, the signal âÂÂdrifts,â meaning that it appears to be changing very slightly in frequencyâÂÂan effect that could be due to the motion of our planet, or of a moving extraterrestrial source such as a transmitter on the surface of one of Proxima CentauriâÂÂs worlds. But the drift is the reverse of what one would naively expect for a signal originating from a world twirling around our sunâÂÂs nearest neighboring star. ÃÂÂWe would expect the signal to be going down in frequency like a trombone,â Sheikh says. ÃÂÂWhat we see instead is like a slide whistleâÂÂthe frequency goes up.â So far, follow-up observations using Parkes have failed to turn up the signal again, with a repeat observation being a necessity to confirm that BLC1 is a genuine technosignature. ÃÂÂIf itâÂÂs an ETI it must eventually be replicable, because itâÂÂs unlikely it would be a one-off,â says Shami Chatterjee, a radio astronomer from Cornell University in New York.
ÃÂÂIf an independent team at an independent observatory can recover the same signal, then hell yes. I would bet money that they wonâÂÂt, but I would love to be wrong.â Nonetheless, it remains one of the most intriguing signals found by Breakthrough ListenâÂÂor indeed any SETI programâÂÂto date, one that Sheikh compares to the so-called âÂÂWow!. signalâ detected in 1977, which some believed to be of extraterrestrial origin. ÃÂÂI think itâÂÂs on par with the Wow!. signal,â she says.
More likely than not, however, this is simply some previously unknown source of Earth-based interference. In a few months weâÂÂll likely know for certain one way or another. But for the time being, itâÂÂs never aliens ⦠right?. âÂÂI hate that phrase, because if you say that then why even look,â Wright says. ÃÂÂWhat we mean by that is that itâÂÂs never been aliens before.âÂÂSpecial ReportSpecial ReportKidney disease affects millions of Americans, but corporate capture of dialysis, along with disparities in treatment and transplant access, mean that not everyone's journey is the same.MedicineA new California law aims to curb what sponsors say is profiteering by dialysis centers.
But are there any easy answers?. December 14, 2020 â Carrie Arnold and Larry C. PriceMedicineMinority patients are diagnosed later, stay on dialysis longer, and are added to transplant lists less quickly. Why?. December 16, 2020 â Carrie Arnold and Larry C.
PriceMedicineJoint ventures between nephrologists and dialysis centers have expanded treatment. Critics ask. At what cost?. December 15, 2020 â Carrie Arnold and Larry C. PriceDemand for healthy kidneys has long outstripped supply.
But better testing and treatment is expanding the donor pool.December 17, 2020 â Carrie Arnold and Larry C. PriceTreatments that reduce suffering and incorporate patient values arenâÂÂt common in kidney disease care. ThatâÂÂs changing.6 hours ago â Carrie Arnold and Larry C. PriceKidney disease affects millions of Americans, but corporate capture of dialysis, along with disparities in treatment and transplant access, mean that not everyone's journey is the same...December 14, 2020 â Jeffery DelViscio and Carrie ArnoldAdvertisementNewsletterGet smart. Sign up for our email newsletter.Support Science JournalismDiscover world-changing science.
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No doctor has news ever prescribed a shirt to save a zithromax online shop patientâÂÂs life. But on a family summer vacation in 2017, Rob Leibowitz wore a T-shirt while walking around Disney World that bore the phrase. ÃÂÂIn Need of Kidney, O Positive.â After a picture was posted on zithromax online shop Facebook, the story went viral, and a few months later, Leibowitz, who had been on the transplant list for several years, underwent a successful surgery to implant a kidney donated by a complete stranger.
Although this story might be an anomaly, it made me wonder. Can medicine and fashion intersect in other ways?. è They zithromax online shop might seem like as odd a combination as polka dots and plaid.
Yet fashion, broadly defined, is already being considered in health care settings. For example the effect of hospital gowns on patients has been studied, and it should come as no surprise that many patients report feeling a loss of privacy, individuality and autonomy when putting on a gown. Furthermore, the hospital gown prompted patients to zithromax online shop internalize the idea that they were unwell.
In one of these studies, a patient said, âÂÂI would say that when the gown comes out there is something that psychologically goes âÂÂthis is serious, IâÂÂm ill.âÂÂâ As a result of such criticism, designers ranging from students at Parsons School of Design to Diane von Furstenberg have rethought what a patient gown could look like. Such redesigns have not been widely adopted by hospitals yet, perhaps because the gowns have to be cheap, easy to manufacture and easily washable. However, even if theyâÂÂre only available to people who will be spending considerable time in zithromax online shop the hospital, gowns in different sizes and colors might help give these patients a feeling of control and agencyâÂÂespecially when so much is out of their control.
In fact, creative solutions to patient gowns have already been shown to have positive effects in clinical settings. At Weill Cornell, young patients undergoing MRI scans were given zithromax online shop an âÂÂMRI-am-a-Heroâ kit to explain the procedure and make the experience feel like part of a superhero adventure. Among other activities, patients could choose shorts and a T-shirt with superhero emblems to wear inside the machine.
When studying the program, researchers found that the kit decreased the percentage of pediatric MRI cases that needed sedation by more than five percentage pointsâÂÂshowing the potentially transformative nature of hospital attire. The association of garments with zithromax online shop illness could be one of the reasons why, in many Western countries, few people wore facemasks before the zithromax to protect themselves from respiratory illnesses such as the H1N1 influenza. Just as a patient gown has been associated with being ill, wearing a face mask in public was associated with being diseased and even dangerous.
Today, by contrast, theyâÂÂre increasingly seen as a fashion accessoryâÂÂand while that might seem like an attempt by retailers to profit from the buy antibiotics crisis, there are potential benefits to this perspective. In an interview with NPR, for example, fashion historian Valerie Steele said that âÂÂfashionizing masks is a good way to normalize them and to say that you don't zithromax online shop need to be scared.â That view is supported by research in the Journal of Hospital , which points out that âÂÂInterestingly, young Korean pop singers made the wearing of face masks fashionable,â which might help explain why the incidence of buy antibiotics has been so low in South Korea. Fashion is also addressing the needs of the differently abled in the form of so-called âÂÂadaptive fashion,â designed to allow a person to easily dress him/herself stylishly.
The beauty of adaptive fashion lies not only in its functionality but also in the effect it can have on the wearerâÂÂs self-esteem. The lack of appropriate clothing has discouraged people with mobility zithromax online shop impairments from going to events such as school dances, job interviews and funerals. Along with companies like Target and Zappos, one of the most successful brands to create an adaptive line has been Tommy Hilfiger, whose distinctive prints and colors now appear on clothing with features like one-handed zippers and magnetic buttons for people who have dexterity impairments.
Tagless and flat seams zithromax online shop for people who have sensory sensitivity. And pants with higher backs and easy closures for people who use wheelchairs (try putting on or taking off a pair of jeans while sitting and youâÂÂll realize how difficult this is). The research is persuasive, but my own experience also has shown me the value of thinking about how important fashion can be in settings where it has traditionally been ignored.
A few years ago, I was working on a clinical study that aimed to understand how patients could find potential kidney donors through social networks zithromax online shop. Inspired by the âÂÂDisney Dad,â one of the first things we did when we met the study participants was to hand them a T-shirt with the transplant centerâÂÂs phone number on it. I later found out several of them had already created their own custom shirts.
As I got to know the people in the study, I remember asking one woman about her shirt, which was pale pink with âÂÂHelp Me Find a Kidneyâ on the front and a picture of her and zithromax online shop her family printed on the back. ÃÂÂEvery time I put it on,â she explained, âÂÂI am reminded that there is still hope.â â¨Pregnant women have historically been excluded from the majority of medical research under the justification of protecting these women and their pregnancies from harm. But when new treatments are not tested in this population, we cannot know whether those treatments are safe and effective.
People who are sick or have zithromax online shop chronic conditions can become pregnant, and those who are pregnant can get sick or develop health conditions. More than 90 percent of women take at least one medicine during pregnancy, and a significant portion are given recommended treatments. The flu zithromax online shop shot and Tdap, both of which protect not only the recipient but their family as well.
The buy antibiotics zithromax is a prime example of why pregnant people must be included in research. Recent studies have shown that pregnant women are at increased risk for severe illness from the antibiotics. They are more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit and receive invasive ventilation, and zithromax online shop are at increased risk of death compared to nonpregnant women.
As a high-risk population, pregnant people clearly need access to treatments and treatments for buy antibiotics. Yet, pregnant women are currently being excluded from buy antibiotics research, meaning they are unlikely to have timely access to these critical interventions because we will not know whether they are safe for pregnant people. To address these concerns, we must move toward protecting pregnant people zithromax online shop through research, not from research.
Fortunately, a federal task force has just released a plan on how to do this. The Task Force on Research Specific to Pregnant Women and Lactating Women (PRGLAC) outlines steps for implementing 15 recommendations designed to address obstacles to the inclusion of pregnant women and breastfeeding women in research. The task force is zithromax online shop made up of representatives from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), clinicians, researchers and industry.
The PRGLAC implementation plan identifies roles for each of these stakeholders within the research and medical community, as well as for Congress, in the effort to overcome this harmful precedent of exclusion. To integrate pregnant women and breastfeeding women into the national clinical research agenda, all agencies under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) need to be on the same page regarding rules, regulations and best practices around the inclusion of these populations in research. The PRGLAC plan recommends the creation of an HHS-wide guidance on ethical issues and strategies for designing studies that include these populations, as well as the establishment of a central committee or office to oversee work in this area zithromax online shop.
The PRGLAC Task Force recommends expanding the workforce of clinicians and researchers with expertise in obstetric and lactation pharmacology and therapeutics. The task force also calls for communication strategies to supply health care providers with important information on research in people who are pregnant or breastfeeding zithromax online shop. Medical professional societies such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) are well positioned to lead these efforts around the training, mentorship and career development of clinicians and researchers.
Congressional action could play a critical role in implementing many of the PRGLAC Task Force recommendations, including the potential for legislation similar to the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act, which provides financial incentive to drug developers for conducting pediatric studies on new therapies, and the Pediatric Research Equity Act, which allows the FDA to require drug developers to assess certain therapies in children. In addition, Congress will need to dedicate funding for the expansion or zithromax online shop creation of federal programs and activities that will move this space forward. For example, existing NIH infrastructure and research networks, such as the Maternal Fetal Medicine Units Network, could facilitate much-needed research if provided additional resources.
Given the research challenges, ethical considerations and liability issues inherent to incorporating those who are pregnant or breastfeeding in studies, the pharmaceutical industry has historically limited its investment and work in these populations. The PRGLAC plan notes the importance of addressing liability issues and creating incentives to drive industry investment zithromax online shop in this space. But pharmaceutical companies must also commit to ensuring the inclusion of those who are pregnant or breastfeeding in their drug development plans when appropriate, and the companies should work to design clinical trials that eliminate barriers that make participation difficult for these populations.
Finally, the PRGLAC Task Force recommends that all stakeholdersâÂÂfederal agencies, medical societies, industry and nonprofits such as the Society for WomenâÂÂs Health Research (SWHR)âÂÂshould band together to develop a public awareness campaign that explains the importance of research on therapeutic products in people who are pregnant or breastfeeding and that encourages the participation of these populations in research. The inclusion of pregnant women and breastfeeding women in medical research is long overdue zithromax online shop. With almost four million women in the U.S.
Giving birth each year, 80 percent of whom will breastfeed their infants, and about 74 million zithromax online shop women of childbearing age in the U.S., it is time to include pregnant women and breastfeeding women in research. With a health zithromax raging across the globe, a rising maternal mortality rate and wide disparities in health outcomes, women are working every day to protect themselves and their families. We have a plan endorsed by expertsâÂÂand although it will take work, womenâÂÂs health will greatly benefit from these efforts.1970 In Vitro Progress âÂÂIn laboratories at the Oldham General Hospital in Lancashire and at the University of Cambridge, human eggs have now been successfully brought to maturity, fertilized in vitro and cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage of development, which is the stage immediately preceding the beginning of normal implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus.
Clinically it should be possible with these procedures to circumvent certain causes of zithromax online shop infertility and to avert the development of embryos that otherwise could be expected to grow abnormally. Still further possibilities can be imagined. Eggs fertilized in the laboratory and cultivated to the blastocyst stage could be transferred back to the mother with an excellent chance of completing development normally.
Fowlerâ The first baby to be conceived by in vitro fertilization was born at Oldham hospital in July 1978. 1920 Battleship vs. Torpedo Plane âÂÂCommenting on articles in the New York Tribune in which the abandonment of the superdreadnaught battleship was advocated, Rear Admiral Fiske says that most of the men who oppose the strenuous development of aeronautics have not carefully studied its possibilities.
He believes with many others that aeronautics is destined to bring about âÂÂa revolution in warfare, in comparison with which the revolution brought about by the invention of the gun was like a vaudeville performance.â Pretty strong words these for an admiral!. àAfter Currency Collapses âÂÂOne development of the impasse in import and export business between Germany and other countries growing out of the depressed value of the German mark is a modification of the barter system. Arrangements have been made by various British cotton interests who have arranged to furnish German cotton mills with raw cotton and take from them cotton yarn manufactured therefrom, the German manufacturers retaining a portion of the yarn as their payment for the use of their plant, of their labor, and other costs of manufacture.â 1870 Spiritualism âÂÂThis whole business of spiritualism has been the source of much mischief, and has brought insanity into many a family.
Our readers ought to know, that no man of science, no sane man of intelligence has any faith in it. Before the light of science the whole thing is shown to be an imposition. But, as Dr.
William A. Hammond says. ÃÂÂSpiritualism is a religion.
As such it is held tenaciously by many well-meaning people. To reason with these would be a waste of words, just as much as would be the attempt to persuade a madman out of his delusion. Emotion, or interest, or accident might change them, but facts never.â Patents for Post âÂÂIn attaching letter-boxes to lamp posts, this box is constructed in two hemispherical sections.
The drop holes are made without movable lids, being protected by a projecting shield, as shown. This is a great convenience, as the use of one hand only is required to insert letters. The closing of an umbrella in a rain storm, or the setting down of a basket or a child in arms, in order to put a letter in the box, is thus obviated.
Patented, through the Scientific American Patent Agency by Albert Potts, of Philadelphia, Pa.â U.S. Postal Service 1896. Systems, people power and a few machines join forces to sort the mail.
Credit. Scientific American, Vol. LXXIV, No.
16. April 18, 1896 In 1775 Benjamin Franklin was appointed the U.S.'s first postmaster general. Letters andâÂÂmore important for Scientific AmericanâÂÂperiodicals have been keeping citizens informed and engaged in the democratic process ever since.
Two years after this magazine was founded in 1845, the U.S. Post Office started issuing postage stamps as a convenient way to pay for mailed items. This âÂÂfollyâ was decried by our forebears.
Delivery of the publication now had to be prepaid instead of being paid for by the recipient. The volume of mail has grown with the evolution of the technology to collect, sort and deliver it. In 1895 five billion pieces of mail went through sorting offices such as the one pictured above.
By 2019, even in the era of e-mail, FedEx and UPS, 143 billion pieces of mail were delivered.ItâÂÂs never aliens, until it is. Today, news leaked in the British newspaper The Guardian of a mysterious signal coming from the closest star to our own, Proxima Centauri, a star too dim to see from Earth with the naked eye that is nevertheless a cosmic stoneâÂÂs throw away at just 4.2 light-years. Found this autumn in archival data gathered last year, the signal appears to emanate from the direction of our neighboring star and cannot yet be dismissed as Earth-based interference, raising the very faint prospect that it is a transmission from some form of advanced extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI)âÂÂa so-called âÂÂtechnosignature.â Now, speaking to Scientific American, the scientists behind the discovery caution there is still much work to be done, but admit the interest is justified.
ÃÂÂIt has some particular properties that caused it to pass many of our checks, and we cannot yet explain it,â says Andrew Siemion from the University of California, Berkeley. Most curiously, it occupies a very narrow band of the radio spectrum. 982 megahertz, specifically, which is a region typically bereft of transmissions from human-made satellites and spacecraft.
ÃÂÂWe donâÂÂt know of any natural way to compress electromagnetic energy into a single bin in frequencyâ such as this one, Siemion says. Perhaps, he says, some as-yet-unknown exotic quirk of plasma physics could be a natural explanation for the tantalizingly concentrated radio waves. But âÂÂfor the moment, the only source that we know of is technological.â The detection was made by a $100 million project called Breakthrough Listen, led by Siemion and funded by tech billionaire Yuri Milner under the umbrella of MilnerâÂÂs Breakthrough Initiatives.
The goal of this multiyear endeavorâÂÂwhich began in 2015 with a star-studded announcement attended by Stephen Hawking and other space-science luminariesâÂÂis to buy observing time on radio telescopes around the world to search the skies for evidence of technological civilizations. That pursuit, of course, is more commonly known as the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). To date, no such evidence has conclusively been found despite more than a half century of modest-but-steady SETI activity, with any potential signals almost always ruled out as originating from satellites orbiting Earth or other human-caused interference.
ÃÂÂIf you see such a signal and itâÂÂs not coming from the surface of Earth, you know you have detected extraterrestrial technology,â says Jason Wright, a SETI-centric astronomer at Penn State University in Pennsylvania. ÃÂÂUnfortunately, humans have launched a lot of extraterrestrial technology.â The story of this latest SETI spectacle really began on April 29, 2019, when scientists affiliated with Breakthrough Listen started collecting the data that would later reveal the intriguing signal. A team had been using the Parkes radio telescope in Australia to study Proxima Centauri for signs of flares coming from the red dwarf star, in part to understand how such flares might affect ProximaâÂÂs planets.
The system hosts at least two worlds. The first, dubbed Proxima b upon its discovery in 2016, is about 1.2 times the size of Earth and in an 11-day orbit. Proxima b resides in the starâÂÂs âÂÂhabitable zone,â a hazily defined sector in which liquid water could exist upon a rocky planetâÂÂs surfaceâÂÂprovided, that is, Proxima CentauriâÂÂs intense stellar flares have not sputtered away a worldâÂÂs atmosphere.
Another planet, the roughly seven-Earth-mass Proxima c, was discovered in 2019 in a frigid 5.2-year orbit. Using Parkes, the astronomers had observed the star for 26 hours as part of their stellar-flare study, but, as is routine within the Breakthrough Listen project, they also flagged the resulting data for a later look to seek out any candidate SETI signals. The task fell to a young intern in SiemionâÂÂs SETI program at Berkeley, Shane Smith, who is also a teaching assistant at Hillsdale College in Michigan.
Smith began sifting through the data in June of this year, but it was not until late October that he stumbled upon the curious narrowband emission, needle-sharp at 982.002 megahertz, hidden in plain view in the Proxima Centauri observations. From there, things happened fastâÂÂwith good reason. ÃÂÂItâÂÂs the most exciting signal that weâÂÂve found in the Breakthrough Listen project, because we havenâÂÂt had a signal jump through this many of our filters before,â says Sofia Sheikh from Penn State University, who helmed the subsequent analysis of the signal for Breakthrough Listen and is the lead author on an upcoming paper detailing that work, which will be published in early 2021.
Soon, the team began calling the signal by a more formal name. BLC1, for âÂÂBreakthrough Listen Candidate 1.â To pique any SETI researcherâÂÂs interest, a signal must first endure a barrage of simple automated tests to rule out obvious terrestrial interference. Hundreds of candidates, however, routinely pass this phase and are singled out for further investigation.
From there, almost all will be dismissed as some mirage or errorâÂÂperhaps an excess of static, for instanceâÂÂthat fooled the winnowing algorithm, eliminating them from consideration as any sort of transmission from talkative aliens. ÃÂÂExcept this one,â Sheikh says. Revisiting the data from 2019, Sheikh and her colleagues noted that the telescope had looked at Proxima multiple times in scans lasting 30 minutes over the course of a week.
Breakthrough Listen uses a technique called âÂÂnodding,â where the telescope will spend a period of time looking at a target and then an equivalent period looking elsewhere in the sky, to check that any potential signal is truly coming from the target and not, say, someone microwaving their lunch in an observatoryâÂÂs cafeteria. ÃÂÂIn five of the 30-minute observations over about three hours we see this thing come back,â Sheikh says, a hint that the signal indeed originated from Proxima CentauriâÂÂor some other deep-space source in that part of the skyâÂÂbefore making its way to Earth. One might think, then, that the case would be closed.
But while a natural cosmic source may seem unlikely, it cannot yet be ruled outâÂÂand, the thinking goes, as unlikely as a natural explanation might be, an âÂÂunnaturalâ explanation such as aliens is even less likely still. Consequently, every member of the Breakthrough Listen team interviewed for this article steadfastly insists the chance of this being anything other than terrestrial interference is exceedingly remote. ÃÂÂThe most likely thing is that itâÂÂs some human cause,â says Pete Worden, executive director of the Breakthrough Initiatives.
ÃÂÂAnd when I say most likely, itâÂÂs like 99.9 [percent].â That rational skepticism extends all the way to the top. ÃÂÂWhen we launched Breakthrough Listen with Stephen Hawking in 2015,â Milner says, âÂÂit was understood that the most rigorous scientific approach will be used to analyze all candidate signals.â Milner and seemingly all the SETI researchers his funding supports fully expect BLC1 to wither away under the projectâÂÂs now-intense scrutiny. But, just maybe, it wonâÂÂt.
For the time being, months of further analysis are in store to definitively rule out other potential sources. And BLC1 itself, while seeming to come from Proxima Centauri, does not quite fit expectations for a technosignature from that system. First, the signal bears no trace of modulationâÂÂtweaks to its properties that can be used to convey information.
ÃÂÂBLC1 is, for all intents and purposes, just a tone, just one note,â Siemion says. ÃÂÂIt has absolutely no additional features that we can discern at this point.â And second, the signal âÂÂdrifts,â meaning that it appears to be changing very slightly in frequencyâÂÂan effect that could be due to the motion of our planet, or of a moving extraterrestrial source such as a transmitter on the surface of one of Proxima CentauriâÂÂs worlds. But the drift is the reverse of what one would naively expect for a signal originating from a world twirling around our sunâÂÂs nearest neighboring star.
ÃÂÂWe would expect the signal to be going down in frequency like a trombone,â Sheikh says. ÃÂÂWhat we see instead is like a slide whistleâÂÂthe frequency goes up.â So far, follow-up observations using Parkes have failed to turn up the signal again, with a repeat observation being a necessity to confirm that BLC1 is a genuine technosignature. ÃÂÂIf itâÂÂs an ETI it must eventually be replicable, because itâÂÂs unlikely it would be a one-off,â says Shami Chatterjee, a radio astronomer from Cornell University in New York.
ÃÂÂIf an independent team at an independent observatory can recover the same signal, then hell yes. I would bet money that they wonâÂÂt, but I would love to be wrong.â Nonetheless, it remains one of the most intriguing signals found by Breakthrough ListenâÂÂor indeed any SETI programâÂÂto date, one that Sheikh compares to the so-called âÂÂWow!. signalâ detected in 1977, which some believed to be of extraterrestrial origin.
ÃÂÂI think itâÂÂs on par with the Wow!. signal,â she says. More likely than not, however, this is simply some previously unknown source of Earth-based interference.
In a few months weâÂÂll likely know for certain one way or another. But for the time being, itâÂÂs never aliens ⦠right?. âÂÂI hate that phrase, because if you say that then why even look,â Wright says.
ÃÂÂWhat we mean by that is that itâÂÂs never been aliens before.âÂÂSpecial ReportSpecial ReportKidney disease affects millions of Americans, but corporate capture of dialysis, along with disparities in treatment and transplant access, mean that not everyone's journey is the same.MedicineA new California law aims to curb what sponsors say is profiteering by dialysis centers. But are there any easy answers?. December 14, 2020 â Carrie Arnold and Larry C.
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PriceMedicineJoint ventures between nephrologists and dialysis centers have expanded treatment. Critics ask. At what cost?.
December 15, 2020 â Carrie Arnold and Larry C. PriceDemand for healthy kidneys has long outstripped supply. But better testing and treatment is expanding the donor pool.December 17, 2020 â Carrie Arnold and Larry C.
PriceTreatments that reduce suffering and incorporate patient values arenâÂÂt common in kidney disease care. ThatâÂÂs changing.6 hours ago â Carrie Arnold and Larry C. PriceKidney disease affects millions of Americans, but corporate capture of dialysis, along with disparities in treatment and transplant access, mean that not everyone's journey is the same...December 14, 2020 â Jeffery DelViscio and Carrie ArnoldAdvertisementNewsletterGet smart.
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